https://wiki.sg/index.php?title=Making_an_organ_donation_in_Singapore&feed=atom&action=historyMaking an organ donation in Singapore - Revision history2024-03-28T12:22:08ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.2https://wiki.sg/index.php?title=Making_an_organ_donation_in_Singapore&diff=2553&oldid=prevDayana Rizal at 08:59, 17 July 20192019-07-17T08:59:09Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:59, 17 July 2019</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2015</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Singapore’s combined </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">both deceased </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">living</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">organ transplant rate was 20 per million population </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pmp</del>).<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref>“Facts About Organ Donation”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/facts.html</ref> In 2019</del>, it was reported that Singapore still faced a severe shortage of organs.<ref>Liu, Jean. “Commentary: Timely to review our opt-out organ donation policy”. ''Channel News Asia''. October 18, 2017. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/commentary-timely-to-review-our-opt-out-organ-donation-policy-9317580</ref> In <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">order to mitigate the issue</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the Human Organ Transplant Act </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">HOTA) </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Medical (Therapy, Education and Research</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Act </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MTERA</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">were established earlier </del>on <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to encourage Singapore citizens and Permanent Residents (PRs) to donate their organs when they die</del>. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Singapore</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the Human Organ Transplant Act (HOTA) and Medical </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Therapy, Education </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Research) Act (MTERA</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">were established to allow better medical access for Singapore citizens and Permanent Residents </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PRs</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">who require organ transplants</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">However</ins>, it was reported <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in 2019 </ins>that Singapore still faced a severe shortage of organs.<ref>Liu, Jean. “Commentary: Timely to review our opt-out organ donation policy”. ''Channel News Asia''. October 18, 2017. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/commentary-timely-to-review-our-opt-out-organ-donation-policy-9317580</ref> In <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2015</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Singapore’s combined </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">both deceased </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">living</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">organ transplant rate was 20 per million population </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pmp</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.<ref>“Facts About Organ Donation”. ''Live On''. Accessed </ins>on <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/facts</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">html</ref> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Prior to </del>2004, the law in Singapore states that unrelated individuals cannot make living organ transplants. However, in 2002, Mediacorp actress Andrea De Cruz was an exception to the law when she suffered from liver failure due to the [[Slim 10 saga (2002)|Slim 10 saga]]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Before </ins>2004, the law in Singapore states that unrelated individuals cannot make living organ transplants. However, in 2002, Mediacorp actress Andrea De Cruz was an exception to the law when she suffered from liver failure due to the [[Slim 10 saga (2002)|Slim 10 saga]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Deceased donor transplant==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Deceased donor transplant==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:HOTA infographic.jpg|thumb|''In 2004, the HOTA was amended to include donations of the liver, heart and cornea. Infographic from Visual.ly, credits to Simon Ang.'']]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:HOTA infographic.jpg|thumb|''In 2004, the HOTA was amended to include donations of the liver, heart and cornea. Infographic from Visual.ly, credits to Simon Ang.'']]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Human Organ Transplant Act (HOTA)===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Human Organ Transplant Act (HOTA)===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Introduced in 1987, HOTA is a compulsory organ donation system which allows for the kidneys, liver, heart and corneas to be harvested in the event of death from any cause for <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the purpose of </del>transplantation.<ref>“What is HOTA all about?”. ''Ministry of Communications and Information''. August 21, 2013. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.gov.sg/factually/content/what-is-hota-all-about</ref> All Singaporeans and PRs who are above the age of 21 and not suffering from mental disorders will be automatically covered under the Act unless they have opted out. It should be noted that HOTA only applies to deaths that occur in hospitals.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Introduced in 1987, HOTA is a compulsory organ donation system which allows for the kidneys, liver, heart and corneas to be harvested in the event of death from any cause for transplantation.<ref>“What is HOTA all about?”. ''Ministry of Communications and Information''. August 21, 2013. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.gov.sg/factually/content/what-is-hota-all-about</ref> All Singaporeans and PRs who are above the age of 21 and not suffering from mental disorders will be automatically covered under the Act unless they have opted out. It should be noted that HOTA only applies to deaths that occur in hospitals.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Anyone regardless of nationality and who is at least 18 years old can pledge to donate their organs and/or tissues.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> In the event where a person had not pledged his organs under MTERA before passing away, the family members are allowed to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">make a decision </del>on behalf of him upon his death if they wish to do so. Interested individuals can submit the completed Organ Donation Pledge form ([http://www.liveon.sg/docs/forms/Form_02.pdf PDF form]) to the National Organ Transplant Unit via post.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Anyone regardless of nationality and who is at least 18 years old can pledge to donate their organs and/or tissues.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> In the event where a person had not pledged his organs under MTERA before passing away, the family members are allowed to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">decide </ins>on behalf of him upon his death if they wish to do so. Interested individuals can submit the completed Organ Donation Pledge form ([http://www.liveon.sg/docs/forms/Form_02.pdf PDF form]) to the National Organ Transplant Unit via post.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Living donor transplant==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Living donor transplant==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Peter Lim Kok Seng.jpg|thumb|''Mr Peter Lim Kok Seng (above) was the first Singaporean to donate part of his liver to a complete stranger. Photo from The Straits Times.'']]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Peter Lim Kok Seng.jpg|thumb|''Mr Peter Lim Kok Seng (above) was the first Singaporean to donate part of his liver to a complete stranger. Photo from The Straits Times.'']]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is proven that living organ transplants yield better results compared to cadaveric transplants.<ref>“Living Organ Donation”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/living-organ-donation.html</ref> However, only the kidney and liver are suitable for live organ donation as the human body can function just as well with one kidney and that the liver <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is able to </del>rebuild itself to its normal size within two months.<ref>“Organ Transplantation”. ''National University Hospital''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.nuh.com.sg/our-services/Specialties/Organ-Transplantation/Pages/default.aspx</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is proven that living organ transplants yield better results compared to cadaveric transplants.<ref>“Living Organ Donation”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/living-organ-donation.html</ref> However, only the kidney and liver are suitable for live organ donation as the human body can function just as well with one kidney and that the liver <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">can </ins>rebuild itself to its normal size within two months.<ref>“Organ Transplantation”. ''National University Hospital''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.nuh.com.sg/our-services/Specialties/Organ-Transplantation/Pages/default.aspx</ref></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Organ matching===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Organ matching===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most living donations occur between direct family members due to the lower rate of organ rejection. However, there have also been living organ donations from unrelated persons and strangers in Singapore. In such cases, the identity of the donor and recipient will be made known. In 2016, Mr Lim Kok Seng became the first person in Singapore to donate part of his liver to a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">complete </del>stranger.<ref>“Organ Donation in Singapore (Under HOTA, or For Science)”. ''Singapore Legal Advice.'' October 26. 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most living donations occur between direct family members due to the lower rate of organ rejection. However, there have also been living organ donations from unrelated persons and strangers in Singapore. In such cases, the identity of the donor and recipient will be made known. In 2016, Mr Lim Kok Seng became the first person in Singapore to donate part of his liver to a stranger.<ref>“Organ Donation in Singapore (Under HOTA, or For Science)”. ''Singapore Legal Advice.'' October 26. 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref> </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 6 January 2004, laws on living donor transplants were amended <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in order </del>to allow more Singaporeans to benefit from organ donations.<ref>Shum, Eugene & Chern, Arthur. “Amendment of the Human Organ Transplant Act”. ''Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore.'' June, 2006. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.annals.edu.sg/pdf/35volno6200607/v35n6p428.pdf</ref> Before that, Singapore law did not allow living organ donation from a living unrelated person.<ref>Khalik, Salma. “Doctors attempt 2-step liver transplant”. ''The Straits Times''. May 31, 2002. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Search?ST=1&AT=search&k=doctors%20attempt%202-step%20liver%20transplant# </ref> An exception was made in May 2002, as Mediacorp actor Pierre Png donated part of his liver to his girlfriend, former TV celebrity Andrea De Cruz, who was a victim of the Slim 10 Pills scandal suffering from liver failure. This was the first living liver transplant between two unrelated people in Singapore.<ref>Yip, Wai Yee. “Pierre Png Destined To Be An Actor”. ''Her World.'' May 7, 2014. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.herworld.com/celebs-men-sex/pierre-png-destined-be-actor</ref> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 6 January 2004, laws on living donor transplants were amended to allow more Singaporeans to benefit from organ donations.<ref>Shum, Eugene & Chern, Arthur. “Amendment of the Human Organ Transplant Act”. ''Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore.'' June, 2006. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.annals.edu.sg/pdf/35volno6200607/v35n6p428.pdf</ref> Before that, Singapore law did not allow living organ donation from a living unrelated person.<ref>Khalik, Salma. “Doctors attempt 2-step liver transplant”. ''The Straits Times''. May 31, 2002. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Search?ST=1&AT=search&k=doctors%20attempt%202-step%20liver%20transplant# </ref> An exception was made in May 2002, as Mediacorp actor Pierre Png donated part of his liver to his girlfriend, former TV celebrity Andrea De Cruz, who was a victim of the Slim 10 Pills scandal suffering from liver failure. This was the first living liver transplant between two unrelated people in Singapore.<ref>Yip, Wai Yee. “Pierre Png Destined To Be An Actor”. ''Her World.'' May 7, 2014. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.herworld.com/celebs-men-sex/pierre-png-destined-be-actor</ref> </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Financial and legal concerns===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Financial and legal concerns===</div></td></tr>
</table>Dayana Rizalhttps://wiki.sg/index.php?title=Making_an_organ_donation_in_Singapore&diff=2552&oldid=prevDayana Rizal: /* Financial and legal concerns */2019-07-17T08:49:32Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Financial and legal concerns</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Financial and legal concerns===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Financial and legal concerns===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Organ donations are purely altruistic and there should not be any monetary incentives or forced compliance. However, the HOTA allows for reimbursement of all medical expenses and loss of earnings incurred as a result of organ donation for altruistic donors.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Organ donations are purely altruistic and there should not be any monetary incentives or forced compliance. However, the HOTA allows for reimbursement of all medical expenses and loss of earnings incurred as a result of organ donation for altruistic donors. Organ trading is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">also </ins>illegal in Singapore and any person guilty of this offence is liable to a fine not exceeding S$100,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years or both.<ref>“Organ Donation in Singapore (Under HOTA, or For Science)”. ''Singapore Legal Advice.'' October 26. 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Organ trading is illegal in Singapore and any person guilty of this offence is liable to a fine not exceeding S$100,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years or both.<ref>“Organ Donation in Singapore (Under HOTA, or For Science)”. ''Singapore Legal Advice.'' October 26. 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References / Citations==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References / Citations==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Adulting Guides]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Adulting Guides]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td></tr>
</table>Dayana Rizalhttps://wiki.sg/index.php?title=Making_an_organ_donation_in_Singapore&diff=2551&oldid=prevDayana Rizal: /* Organ matching */2019-07-17T08:49:05Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Organ matching</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Organ matching===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Organ matching===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most living donations occur between direct family members due to the lower rate of organ rejection. However, there have also been living organ donations from unrelated persons and strangers. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hence in </del>such cases, the identity of the donor and recipient will be made known. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most living donations occur between direct family members due to the lower rate of organ rejection. However, there have also been living organ donations from unrelated persons and strangers <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in Singapore</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In </ins>such cases, the identity of the donor and recipient will be made known. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In 2016, Mr Lim Kok Seng became the first person in Singapore to donate part of his liver to a complete stranger.<ref>“Organ Donation in Singapore (Under HOTA, or For Science)”. ''Singapore Legal Advice.'' October 26. 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 6 January 2004, laws on living donor transplants were amended in order to allow more Singaporeans to benefit from organ donations.<ref>Shum, Eugene & Chern, Arthur. “Amendment of the Human Organ Transplant Act”. ''Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore.'' June, 2006. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.annals.edu.sg/pdf/35volno6200607/v35n6p428.pdf</ref> Before that, Singapore law did not allow living organ donation from a living unrelated person.<ref>Khalik, Salma. “Doctors attempt 2-step liver transplant”. ''The Straits Times''. May 31, 2002. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Search?ST=1&AT=search&k=doctors%20attempt%202-step%20liver%20transplant# </ref> An exception was made in May 2002, as Mediacorp actor Pierre Png donated part of his liver to his girlfriend, former TV celebrity Andrea De Cruz, who was a victim of the Slim 10 Pills scandal suffering from liver failure. This was the first living liver transplant between two unrelated people in Singapore.<ref>Yip, Wai Yee. “Pierre Png Destined To Be An Actor”. ''Her World.'' May 7, 2014. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.herworld.com/celebs-men-sex/pierre-png-destined-be-actor<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ref> In 2016, Mr Lim Kok Seng became the first person in Singapore to donate part of his liver to a complete stranger.<ref>“Organ Donation in Singapore (Under HOTA, or For Science)”. ''Singapore Legal Advice.'' October 26. 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/organ-donation-in-singapore/</del></ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 6 January 2004, laws on living donor transplants were amended in order to allow more Singaporeans to benefit from organ donations.<ref>Shum, Eugene & Chern, Arthur. “Amendment of the Human Organ Transplant Act”. ''Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore.'' June, 2006. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.annals.edu.sg/pdf/35volno6200607/v35n6p428.pdf</ref> Before that, Singapore law did not allow living organ donation from a living unrelated person.<ref>Khalik, Salma. “Doctors attempt 2-step liver transplant”. ''The Straits Times''. May 31, 2002. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Search?ST=1&AT=search&k=doctors%20attempt%202-step%20liver%20transplant# </ref> An exception was made in May 2002, as Mediacorp actor Pierre Png donated part of his liver to his girlfriend, former TV celebrity Andrea De Cruz, who was a victim of the Slim 10 Pills scandal suffering from liver failure. This was the first living liver transplant between two unrelated people in Singapore.<ref>Yip, Wai Yee. “Pierre Png Destined To Be An Actor”. ''Her World.'' May 7, 2014. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.herworld.com/celebs-men-sex/pierre-png-destined-be-actor</ref> </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Financial and legal concerns===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Financial and legal concerns===</div></td></tr>
</table>Dayana Rizalhttps://wiki.sg/index.php?title=Making_an_organ_donation_in_Singapore&diff=2550&oldid=prevDayana Rizal: /* Living donor transplant */2019-07-17T08:47:31Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Living donor transplant</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Living donor transplant==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Living donor transplant==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Peter Lim Kok Seng.jpg|thumb|''Mr Peter Lim Kok Seng (above) was the first Singaporean to donate part of his liver to a complete stranger. Photo from The Straits Times.'']]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Peter Lim Kok Seng.jpg|thumb|''Mr Peter Lim Kok Seng (above) was the first Singaporean to donate part of his liver to a complete stranger. Photo from The Straits Times.'']]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Living donor organ transplant refers to a situation in which a living person donates one kidney or part of the liver to another person. </del>It is proven that living organ transplants yield better results compared to cadaveric transplants.<ref>“Living Organ Donation”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/living-organ-donation.html</ref> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Only </del>the kidney and liver are suitable for live organ donation as the human body can function just as well with one kidney and that the liver is able to rebuild itself to its normal size within two months.<ref>“Organ Transplantation”. ''National University Hospital''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.nuh.com.sg/our-services/Specialties/Organ-Transplantation/Pages/default.aspx</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is proven that living organ transplants yield better results compared to cadaveric transplants.<ref>“Living Organ Donation”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/living-organ-donation.html</ref> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">However, only </ins>the kidney and liver are suitable for live organ donation as the human body can function just as well with one kidney and that the liver is able to rebuild itself to its normal size within two months.<ref>“Organ Transplantation”. ''National University Hospital''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.nuh.com.sg/our-services/Specialties/Organ-Transplantation/Pages/default.aspx</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Organ matching===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Organ matching===</div></td></tr>
</table>Dayana Rizalhttps://wiki.sg/index.php?title=Making_an_organ_donation_in_Singapore&diff=2549&oldid=prevDayana Rizal: /* Deceased donor transplant */2019-07-17T08:44:31Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Deceased donor transplant</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Deceased donor transplant==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Deceased donor transplant==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:HOTA infographic.jpg|thumb|''In 2004, the HOTA was amended to include donations of the liver, heart and cornea. Infographic from Visual.ly, credits to Simon Ang.'']]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:HOTA infographic.jpg|thumb|''In 2004, the HOTA was amended to include donations of the liver, heart and cornea. Infographic from Visual.ly, credits to Simon Ang.'']]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Deceased donor transplant refers to the transplantation of organs retrieved from a donor whose death has been medically certified<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Harvesting of organs can only be made if the donor meets the internationally accepted clinical criteria for the certification of death, including brain death</del>. The donated organs will be matched to the blood group, weight and urgency of the common pool of patients on the respective organ transplant waiting lists.<ref>“What My Family Should Know”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/what-my-family-should-know.html</ref> The cost of any organ donation procedures and tests will not be charged to the donor’s family.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Deceased donor transplant refers to the transplantation of organs retrieved from a donor whose death has been medically certified. The donated organs will be matched to the blood group, weight and urgency of the common pool of patients on the respective organ transplant waiting lists.<ref>“What My Family Should Know”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/what-my-family-should-know.html</ref> The cost of any organ donation procedures and tests will not be charged to the donor’s family.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Dayana Rizalhttps://wiki.sg/index.php?title=Making_an_organ_donation_in_Singapore&diff=2548&oldid=prevDayana Rizal at 08:43, 17 July 20192019-07-17T08:43:54Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:43, 17 July 2019</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Prior to 2004, the law in Singapore states that unrelated individuals cannot make living organ transplants. However, in 2002, Mediacorp actress Andrea De Cruz was an exception to the law when she suffered from liver failure due to the [[Slim 10 saga (2002)|Slim 10 saga]]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Prior to 2004, the law in Singapore states that unrelated individuals cannot make living organ transplants. However, in 2002, Mediacorp actress Andrea De Cruz was an exception to the law when she suffered from liver failure due to the [[Slim 10 saga (2002)|Slim 10 saga]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Deceased donor transplant==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Deceased donor transplant==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:HOTA infographic.jpg|thumb|''In 2004, the HOTA was amended to include donations of the liver, heart and cornea. Infographic from Visual.ly.'']]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:HOTA infographic.jpg|thumb|''In 2004, the HOTA was amended to include donations of the liver, heart and cornea. Infographic from Visual.ly<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, credits to Simon Ang</ins>.'']]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Deceased donor transplant refers to the transplantation of organs retrieved from a donor whose death has been medically certified. Harvesting of organs can only be made if the donor meets the internationally accepted clinical criteria for the certification of death, including brain death. The donated organs will be matched to the blood group, weight and urgency of the common pool of patients on the respective organ transplant waiting lists.<ref>“What My Family Should Know”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/what-my-family-should-know.html</ref> The cost of any organ donation procedures and tests will not be charged to the donor’s family.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Deceased donor transplant refers to the transplantation of organs retrieved from a donor whose death has been medically certified. Harvesting of organs can only be made if the donor meets the internationally accepted clinical criteria for the certification of death, including brain death. The donated organs will be matched to the blood group, weight and urgency of the common pool of patients on the respective organ transplant waiting lists.<ref>“What My Family Should Know”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/what-my-family-should-know.html</ref> The cost of any organ donation procedures and tests will not be charged to the donor’s family.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Dayana Rizalhttps://wiki.sg/index.php?title=Making_an_organ_donation_in_Singapore&diff=2547&oldid=prevDayana Rizal: /* Deceased donor transplant */2019-07-17T08:43:04Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Deceased donor transplant</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The donor’s body will be treated with the same surgical standards applied to any living person undergoing surgery. However, organ donations from a person contacted with an infectious disease such as Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">will </del>not <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">be </del>allowed.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The donor’s body will be treated with the same surgical standards applied to any living person undergoing surgery. However, organ donations from a person contacted with an infectious disease such as Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">are </ins>not allowed.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Human Organ Transplant Act (HOTA)===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Human Organ Transplant Act (HOTA)===</div></td></tr>
</table>Dayana Rizalhttps://wiki.sg/index.php?title=Making_an_organ_donation_in_Singapore&diff=2546&oldid=prevDayana Rizal at 08:41, 17 July 20192019-07-17T08:41:47Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 2015, Singapore’s combined (both deceased and living) organ transplant rate was 20 per million population (pmp).<ref>“Facts About Organ Donation”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/facts.html</ref> In 2019, it was reported that Singapore still faced a severe shortage of organs.<ref>Liu, Jean. “Commentary: Timely to review our opt-out organ donation policy”. ''Channel News Asia''. October 18, 2017. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/commentary-timely-to-review-our-opt-out-organ-donation-policy-9317580</ref> In order to mitigate the issue, the Human Organ Transplant Act (HOTA) and Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act (MTERA) were established earlier on to encourage Singapore citizens and Permanent Residents (PRs) to donate their organs when they die. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 2015, Singapore’s combined (both deceased and living) organ transplant rate was 20 per million population (pmp).<ref>“Facts About Organ Donation”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/facts.html</ref> In 2019, it was reported that Singapore still faced a severe shortage of organs.<ref>Liu, Jean. “Commentary: Timely to review our opt-out organ donation policy”. ''Channel News Asia''. October 18, 2017. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/commentary-timely-to-review-our-opt-out-organ-donation-policy-9317580</ref> In order to mitigate the issue, the Human Organ Transplant Act (HOTA) and Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act (MTERA) were established earlier on to encourage Singapore citizens and Permanent Residents (PRs) to donate their organs when they die. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Prior to 2004, the law in Singapore states that unrelated individuals cannot make living organ transplants. However, in 2002, Mediacorp actress Andrea De Cruz was an exception to the law when she suffered from liver failure due to the [[Slim 10 saga (2002)|Slim 10 saga]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Prior to 2004, the law in Singapore states that unrelated individuals cannot make living organ transplants. However, in 2002, Mediacorp actress Andrea De Cruz was an exception to the law when she suffered from liver failure due to the [[Slim 10 saga (2002)|Slim 10 saga]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Deceased donor transplant==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Deceased donor transplant ==</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:HOTA infographic.jpg|thumb|''In 2004, the HOTA was amended to include donations of the liver, heart and cornea. Infographic from Visual.ly.'']]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:HOTA infographic.jpg|thumb|''In 2004, the HOTA was amended to include donations of the liver, heart and cornea. Infographic from Visual.ly.'']]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Deceased donor transplant refers to the transplantation of organs retrieved from a donor whose death has been medically certified. Harvesting of organs can only be made if the donor meets the internationally accepted clinical criteria for the certification of death, including brain death. The donated organs will be matched to the blood group, weight and urgency of the common pool of patients on the respective organ transplant waiting lists.<ref>“What My Family Should Know”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/what-my-family-should-know.html</ref> The cost of any organ donation procedures and tests will not be charged to the donor’s family.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Deceased donor transplant refers to the transplantation of organs retrieved from a donor whose death has been medically certified. Harvesting of organs can only be made if the donor meets the internationally accepted clinical criteria for the certification of death, including brain death. The donated organs will be matched to the blood group, weight and urgency of the common pool of patients on the respective organ transplant waiting lists.<ref>“What My Family Should Know”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/what-my-family-should-know.html</ref> The cost of any organ donation procedures and tests will not be charged to the donor’s family.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l11">Line 11:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The donor’s body will be treated with the same surgical standards applied to any living person undergoing surgery. However, organ donations from a person contacted with an infectious disease such as Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV will not be allowed.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The donor’s body will be treated with the same surgical standards applied to any living person undergoing surgery. However, organ donations from a person contacted with an infectious disease such as Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV will not be allowed.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Human Organ Transplant Act (HOTA) ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Human Organ Transplant Act (HOTA)===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Introduced in 1987, HOTA is a compulsory organ donation system which allows for the kidneys, liver, heart and corneas to be harvested in the event of death from any cause for the purpose of transplantation.<ref>“What is HOTA all about?”. ''Ministry of Communications and Information''. August 21, 2013. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.gov.sg/factually/content/what-is-hota-all-about</ref> All Singaporeans and PRs who are above the age of 21 and not suffering from mental disorders will be automatically covered under the Act unless they have opted out. It should be noted that HOTA only applies to deaths that occur in hospitals.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Introduced in 1987, HOTA is a compulsory organ donation system which allows for the kidneys, liver, heart and corneas to be harvested in the event of death from any cause for the purpose of transplantation.<ref>“What is HOTA all about?”. ''Ministry of Communications and Information''. August 21, 2013. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.gov.sg/factually/content/what-is-hota-all-about</ref> All Singaporeans and PRs who are above the age of 21 and not suffering from mental disorders will be automatically covered under the Act unless they have opted out. It should be noted that HOTA only applies to deaths that occur in hospitals.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l20">Line 20:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 18:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Individuals who have opted out of HOTA and wish to withdraw the earlier objection may do so by submitting the completed Withdrawal Of Objection To Organ Removal form ([http://www.liveon.sg/docs/forms/Blue_09.pdf PDF form]) to the National Organ Transplant Unit via post.<ref>“Yes, I Support Organ Donation”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/organ-supporter.html</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Individuals who have opted out of HOTA and wish to withdraw the earlier objection may do so by submitting the completed Withdrawal Of Objection To Organ Removal form ([http://www.liveon.sg/docs/forms/Blue_09.pdf PDF form]) to the National Organ Transplant Unit via post.<ref>“Yes, I Support Organ Donation”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/organ-supporter.html</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act (MTERA) ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act (MTERA)===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Enacted in 1974, MTERA is an opt-in scheme where people can choose to donate organs that are not covered under HOTA.<ref>Lim, Min. “Living Organ Donation in Singapore”. ''Asia Law Network.'' December 5, 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://learn.asialawnetwork.com/2018/12/05/living-organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref> Examples of organs that can be donated include bone, skin or even the entire body. Besides serving as a gift of life, these donations will also help to support research and advancement of medical science.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Enacted in 1974, MTERA is an opt-in scheme where people can choose to donate organs that are not covered under HOTA.<ref>Lim, Min. “Living Organ Donation in Singapore”. ''Asia Law Network.'' December 5, 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://learn.asialawnetwork.com/2018/12/05/living-organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref> Examples of organs that can be donated include bone, skin or even the entire body. Besides serving as a gift of life, these donations will also help to support research and advancement of medical science.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l26">Line 26:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 24:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Anyone regardless of nationality and who is at least 18 years old can pledge to donate their organs and/or tissues.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> In the event where a person had not pledged his organs under MTERA before passing away, the family members are allowed to make a decision on behalf of him upon his death if they wish to do so. Interested individuals can submit the completed Organ Donation Pledge form ([http://www.liveon.sg/docs/forms/Form_02.pdf PDF form]) to the National Organ Transplant Unit via post.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Anyone regardless of nationality and who is at least 18 years old can pledge to donate their organs and/or tissues.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> In the event where a person had not pledged his organs under MTERA before passing away, the family members are allowed to make a decision on behalf of him upon his death if they wish to do so. Interested individuals can submit the completed Organ Donation Pledge form ([http://www.liveon.sg/docs/forms/Form_02.pdf PDF form]) to the National Organ Transplant Unit via post.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Living donor transplant ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Living donor transplant==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Peter Lim Kok Seng.jpg|thumb|''Mr Peter Lim Kok Seng (above) was the first Singaporean to donate part of his liver to a complete stranger. Photo from The Straits Times.'']]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Peter Lim Kok Seng.jpg|thumb|''Mr Peter Lim Kok Seng (above) was the first Singaporean to donate part of his liver to a complete stranger. Photo from The Straits Times.'']]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Living donor organ transplant refers to a situation in which a living person donates one kidney or part of the liver to another person. It is proven that living organ transplants yield better results compared to cadaveric transplants.<ref>“Living Organ Donation”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/living-organ-donation.html</ref> Only the kidney and liver are suitable for live organ donation as the human body can function just as well with one kidney and that the liver is able to rebuild itself to its normal size within two months.<ref>“Organ Transplantation”. ''National University Hospital''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.nuh.com.sg/our-services/Specialties/Organ-Transplantation/Pages/default.aspx</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Living donor organ transplant refers to a situation in which a living person donates one kidney or part of the liver to another person. It is proven that living organ transplants yield better results compared to cadaveric transplants.<ref>“Living Organ Donation”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/living-organ-donation.html</ref> Only the kidney and liver are suitable for live organ donation as the human body can function just as well with one kidney and that the liver is able to rebuild itself to its normal size within two months.<ref>“Organ Transplantation”. ''National University Hospital''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.nuh.com.sg/our-services/Specialties/Organ-Transplantation/Pages/default.aspx</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Organ matching ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Organ matching===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most living donations occur between direct family members due to the lower rate of organ rejection. However, there have also been living organ donations from unrelated persons and strangers. Hence in such cases, the identity of the donor and recipient will be made known. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most living donations occur between direct family members due to the lower rate of organ rejection. However, there have also been living organ donations from unrelated persons and strangers. Hence in such cases, the identity of the donor and recipient will be made known. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l36">Line 36:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 34:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 6 January 2004, laws on living donor transplants were amended in order to allow more Singaporeans to benefit from organ donations.<ref>Shum, Eugene & Chern, Arthur. “Amendment of the Human Organ Transplant Act”. ''Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore.'' June, 2006. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.annals.edu.sg/pdf/35volno6200607/v35n6p428.pdf</ref> Before that, Singapore law did not allow living organ donation from a living unrelated person.<ref>Khalik, Salma. “Doctors attempt 2-step liver transplant”. ''The Straits Times''. May 31, 2002. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Search?ST=1&AT=search&k=doctors%20attempt%202-step%20liver%20transplant# </ref> An exception was made in May 2002, as Mediacorp actor Pierre Png donated part of his liver to his girlfriend, former TV celebrity Andrea De Cruz, who was a victim of the Slim 10 Pills scandal suffering from liver failure. This was the first living liver transplant between two unrelated people in Singapore.<ref>Yip, Wai Yee. “Pierre Png Destined To Be An Actor”. ''Her World.'' May 7, 2014. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.herworld.com/celebs-men-sex/pierre-png-destined-be-actor</ref> In 2016, Mr Lim Kok Seng became the first person in Singapore to donate part of his liver to a complete stranger.<ref>“Organ Donation in Singapore (Under HOTA, or For Science)”. ''Singapore Legal Advice.'' October 26. 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 6 January 2004, laws on living donor transplants were amended in order to allow more Singaporeans to benefit from organ donations.<ref>Shum, Eugene & Chern, Arthur. “Amendment of the Human Organ Transplant Act”. ''Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore.'' June, 2006. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.annals.edu.sg/pdf/35volno6200607/v35n6p428.pdf</ref> Before that, Singapore law did not allow living organ donation from a living unrelated person.<ref>Khalik, Salma. “Doctors attempt 2-step liver transplant”. ''The Straits Times''. May 31, 2002. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Search?ST=1&AT=search&k=doctors%20attempt%202-step%20liver%20transplant# </ref> An exception was made in May 2002, as Mediacorp actor Pierre Png donated part of his liver to his girlfriend, former TV celebrity Andrea De Cruz, who was a victim of the Slim 10 Pills scandal suffering from liver failure. This was the first living liver transplant between two unrelated people in Singapore.<ref>Yip, Wai Yee. “Pierre Png Destined To Be An Actor”. ''Her World.'' May 7, 2014. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.herworld.com/celebs-men-sex/pierre-png-destined-be-actor</ref> In 2016, Mr Lim Kok Seng became the first person in Singapore to donate part of his liver to a complete stranger.<ref>“Organ Donation in Singapore (Under HOTA, or For Science)”. ''Singapore Legal Advice.'' October 26. 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Financial and legal concerns ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Financial and legal concerns===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Organ donations are purely altruistic and there should not be any monetary incentives or forced compliance. However, the HOTA allows for reimbursement of all medical expenses and loss of earnings incurred as a result of organ donation for altruistic donors.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Organ donations are purely altruistic and there should not be any monetary incentives or forced compliance. However, the HOTA allows for reimbursement of all medical expenses and loss of earnings incurred as a result of organ donation for altruistic donors.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Organ trading is illegal in Singapore and any person guilty of this offence is liable to a fine not exceeding S$100,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years or both.<ref>“Organ Donation in Singapore (Under HOTA, or For Science)”. ''Singapore Legal Advice.'' October 26. 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Organ trading is illegal in Singapore and any person guilty of this offence is liable to a fine not exceeding S$100,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years or both.<ref>“Organ Donation in Singapore (Under HOTA, or For Science)”. ''Singapore Legal Advice.'' October 26. 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References / Citations ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References / Citations==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Adulting Guides]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Adulting Guides]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><references /></ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Dayana Rizalhttps://wiki.sg/index.php?title=Making_an_organ_donation_in_Singapore&diff=2545&oldid=prevDayana Rizal: Created page with "In 2015, Singapore’s combined (both deceased and living) organ transplant rate was 20 per million population (pmp).<ref>“Facts About Organ Donation”. ''Live On''. Access..."2019-07-17T08:41:19Z<p>Created page with "In 2015, Singapore’s combined (both deceased and living) organ transplant rate was 20 per million population (pmp).<ref>“Facts About Organ Donation”. ''Live On''. Access..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>In 2015, Singapore’s combined (both deceased and living) organ transplant rate was 20 per million population (pmp).<ref>“Facts About Organ Donation”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/facts.html</ref> In 2019, it was reported that Singapore still faced a severe shortage of organs.<ref>Liu, Jean. “Commentary: Timely to review our opt-out organ donation policy”. ''Channel News Asia''. October 18, 2017. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/commentary-timely-to-review-our-opt-out-organ-donation-policy-9317580</ref> In order to mitigate the issue, the Human Organ Transplant Act (HOTA) and Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act (MTERA) were established earlier on to encourage Singapore citizens and Permanent Residents (PRs) to donate their organs when they die. <br />
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Prior to 2004, the law in Singapore states that unrelated individuals cannot make living organ transplants. However, in 2002, Mediacorp actress Andrea De Cruz was an exception to the law when she suffered from liver failure due to the [[Slim 10 saga (2002)|Slim 10 saga]].<br />
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== Deceased donor transplant ==<br />
[[File:HOTA infographic.jpg|thumb|''In 2004, the HOTA was amended to include donations of the liver, heart and cornea. Infographic from Visual.ly.'']]<br />
Deceased donor transplant refers to the transplantation of organs retrieved from a donor whose death has been medically certified. Harvesting of organs can only be made if the donor meets the internationally accepted clinical criteria for the certification of death, including brain death. The donated organs will be matched to the blood group, weight and urgency of the common pool of patients on the respective organ transplant waiting lists.<ref>“What My Family Should Know”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/what-my-family-should-know.html</ref> The cost of any organ donation procedures and tests will not be charged to the donor’s family.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> <br />
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The donor’s body will be treated with the same surgical standards applied to any living person undergoing surgery. However, organ donations from a person contacted with an infectious disease such as Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV will not be allowed.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> <br />
<br />
=== Human Organ Transplant Act (HOTA) ===<br />
Introduced in 1987, HOTA is a compulsory organ donation system which allows for the kidneys, liver, heart and corneas to be harvested in the event of death from any cause for the purpose of transplantation.<ref>“What is HOTA all about?”. ''Ministry of Communications and Information''. August 21, 2013. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.gov.sg/factually/content/what-is-hota-all-about</ref> All Singaporeans and PRs who are above the age of 21 and not suffering from mental disorders will be automatically covered under the Act unless they have opted out. It should be noted that HOTA only applies to deaths that occur in hospitals.<br />
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Individuals who wish to opt out of any or all 4 organs under HOTA may do so by submitting the completed Objection To Organ Removal form ([http://www.liveon.sg/docs/forms/Form_01.pdf PDF form]) to the National Organ Transplant Unit via post. It should be reminded that anyone who opts out of HOTA would receive lower priority for receiving an organ on the national waiting list should an organ transplant be required in the future.<ref>“What is HOTA all about?”. ''Ministry of Communications and Information''. August 21, 2013. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.gov.sg/factually/content/what-is-hota-all-about</ref> <br />
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Individuals who have opted out of HOTA and wish to withdraw the earlier objection may do so by submitting the completed Withdrawal Of Objection To Organ Removal form ([http://www.liveon.sg/docs/forms/Blue_09.pdf PDF form]) to the National Organ Transplant Unit via post.<ref>“Yes, I Support Organ Donation”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/organ-supporter.html</ref><br />
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=== Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act (MTERA) ===<br />
Enacted in 1974, MTERA is an opt-in scheme where people can choose to donate organs that are not covered under HOTA.<ref>Lim, Min. “Living Organ Donation in Singapore”. ''Asia Law Network.'' December 5, 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://learn.asialawnetwork.com/2018/12/05/living-organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref> Examples of organs that can be donated include bone, skin or even the entire body. Besides serving as a gift of life, these donations will also help to support research and advancement of medical science.<br />
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Anyone regardless of nationality and who is at least 18 years old can pledge to donate their organs and/or tissues.<ref>“Understanding HOTA”. ''Live On''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/docs/info_booklets/SO20870_Hota_english2013.pdf</ref> In the event where a person had not pledged his organs under MTERA before passing away, the family members are allowed to make a decision on behalf of him upon his death if they wish to do so. Interested individuals can submit the completed Organ Donation Pledge form ([http://www.liveon.sg/docs/forms/Form_02.pdf PDF form]) to the National Organ Transplant Unit via post.<br />
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== Living donor transplant ==<br />
[[File:Peter Lim Kok Seng.jpg|thumb|''Mr Peter Lim Kok Seng (above) was the first Singaporean to donate part of his liver to a complete stranger. Photo from The Straits Times.'']]<br />
Living donor organ transplant refers to a situation in which a living person donates one kidney or part of the liver to another person. It is proven that living organ transplants yield better results compared to cadaveric transplants.<ref>“Living Organ Donation”. ''Live On.'' Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.liveon.sg/living-organ-donation.html</ref> Only the kidney and liver are suitable for live organ donation as the human body can function just as well with one kidney and that the liver is able to rebuild itself to its normal size within two months.<ref>“Organ Transplantation”. ''National University Hospital''. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.nuh.com.sg/our-services/Specialties/Organ-Transplantation/Pages/default.aspx</ref><br />
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=== Organ matching ===<br />
Most living donations occur between direct family members due to the lower rate of organ rejection. However, there have also been living organ donations from unrelated persons and strangers. Hence in such cases, the identity of the donor and recipient will be made known. <br />
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<br />
On 6 January 2004, laws on living donor transplants were amended in order to allow more Singaporeans to benefit from organ donations.<ref>Shum, Eugene & Chern, Arthur. “Amendment of the Human Organ Transplant Act”. ''Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore.'' June, 2006. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.annals.edu.sg/pdf/35volno6200607/v35n6p428.pdf</ref> Before that, Singapore law did not allow living organ donation from a living unrelated person.<ref>Khalik, Salma. “Doctors attempt 2-step liver transplant”. ''The Straits Times''. May 31, 2002. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Search?ST=1&AT=search&k=doctors%20attempt%202-step%20liver%20transplant# </ref> An exception was made in May 2002, as Mediacorp actor Pierre Png donated part of his liver to his girlfriend, former TV celebrity Andrea De Cruz, who was a victim of the Slim 10 Pills scandal suffering from liver failure. This was the first living liver transplant between two unrelated people in Singapore.<ref>Yip, Wai Yee. “Pierre Png Destined To Be An Actor”. ''Her World.'' May 7, 2014. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.herworld.com/celebs-men-sex/pierre-png-destined-be-actor</ref> In 2016, Mr Lim Kok Seng became the first person in Singapore to donate part of his liver to a complete stranger.<ref>“Organ Donation in Singapore (Under HOTA, or For Science)”. ''Singapore Legal Advice.'' October 26. 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref><br />
<br />
=== Financial and legal concerns ===<br />
Organ donations are purely altruistic and there should not be any monetary incentives or forced compliance. However, the HOTA allows for reimbursement of all medical expenses and loss of earnings incurred as a result of organ donation for altruistic donors.<br />
<br />
Organ trading is illegal in Singapore and any person guilty of this offence is liable to a fine not exceeding S$100,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years or both.<ref>“Organ Donation in Singapore (Under HOTA, or For Science)”. ''Singapore Legal Advice.'' October 26. 2018. Accessed on 16 April 2019. Retrieved from: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/organ-donation-in-singapore/</ref><br />
<br />
== References / Citations ==<br />
[[Category:Adulting Guides]]</div>Dayana Rizal